"Have there ever been sanctions against the United States?"

Unfortunately, only the US, with its dollar, and its complete control of the global economic system thanks to Bretton Woods, has been in a position to impose unilateral sanctions and then force third parties to also comply.

That unique role is coming to an end, however. The US has abused its position of power much, much too much. And now we are going to get BRICS, as an alternative.